基于纤维梁柱单元的桥梁墩柱地震反应模拟方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵泰儀  孙治国  石岩  郭迅 《世界地震工程》2019,35(1):117-127

为讨论利用纤维梁柱单元进行钢筋混凝土桥墩地震反应分析的建模方法，分别以4个悬臂式单柱墩和1个双柱墩拟静力加载试验，以及1个悬臂式单柱墩的振动台试验结果为依据，基于OpenSees数值分析平台建立了桥墩的地震反应分析模型。通过改变单元数量，分析了基于力的纤维梁柱单元和基于位移的纤维梁柱单元对桥墩地震反应的模拟精度。结果表明:对悬臂式单柱墩的拟静力和振动台试验，可沿墩高仅建立1个基于力的纤维梁柱单元，并在墩底串联1个考虑纵筋塑性渗透和粘结滑移的转动弹簧单元，即可获得很好的模拟结果。当采用基于位移的纤维梁柱单元时，应沿墩高至少建立2个单元，且塑性铰区至少有1个，才能保证获得较高的模拟精度。对双柱墩拟静力试验，采用基于力的纤维梁柱单元建模，沿每个墩高建立2个单元即可；以基于位移的纤维梁柱单元建模，建议沿每个墩高建立3个单元，且其中2个单元布置在塑性铰区。当数值模型可对静力滞回曲线取得很好的模拟结果后，该模型一般可对动力作用下墩顶最大位移和墩底最大剪力进行较为准确的模拟，但对墩顶残余位移的模拟精度无法保证。  相似文献   

尼泊尔M_S 8.1地震与青藏高原周边地区多尺度重力场特性分析     

闫琳琳  吕传振  徐玉健 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(1):129-137

通过分析EGM2008模型提取的青藏高原及周边地区重力场细节信息，概述了尼泊尔M_S 8.1地震的均衡重力异常特征，并结合GPS数据对研究区的动力学进行综合分析。结果表明，在喜马拉雅山脉地震带区存在重力的正、负值异常区及梯度带，这与该研究区局部应力应变积累、构造活动加剧、深部物质向研究区迁移以及研究区局部密度增高有关。  相似文献   

整点气温缺测的插补方法研究及其初步应用     

闫丽莉  温少妍  高文晶  刘传军  杨甜 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(2):446-455

长期连续完整的历史气温资料是震前气温异常判别研究的重要数据基础。本文考虑了参考站与缺测站之间的距离，建立改进的线性回归模型。利用该模型插补缺测和错误的气温整点值数据，在一定程度上解决了长期连续观测数据缺测的情况。通过对收集的唐山观测站气温整点值数据进行插补，并应用插补完整的数据分析研究了2012年5月28日唐山4.8级地震前兆异常。结果表明:①插补值与其前后观测值衔接吻合，插补后完整连续数据符合夏高冬低的年变规律；②插补误差在±0.5℃范围内的比例为60.2%，在±0.8℃范围内的比例为80.3%，其误差绝对值大于1.0℃的比例为9.6%，平均绝对误差为0.84℃，插补值与观测值的相关系数大部分在0.9以上；③从3月27日起出现增温异常，特别是震前2天增温幅度约8℃。  相似文献   

Research on the Optimization of Capital for the Governance of Bulk Coal in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region     

DU Xiaolin  FENG Xiangzhao  ZHAO Mengxue  WANG Min 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):48-55

Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei each contributed to the comprehensive governance of bulk coal to treat bulk coal pollution in a mutually beneficial way in 2017. The cooperative game theory is used in this paper to study the environmental benefits and cost effectiveness brought about by this comprehensive governance strategy, primarily focusing on the issue of how to maximize the environmental benefits by choosing an appropriate strategy since the benefits to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are closely related. Therefore, the linear optimization, game theory and Shapley value method in the cooperative game model are used to find the ways to minimize the total governance cost of bulk coal in the three areas. In addition, the issues of how to carry out rational distribution and transfer of governance capital among the three places are explored according to the actual amounts of consumption of bulk coal, the influence of the coal burning on the PM_2.5 and the actual cost of coal governance in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in 2017. The results show that the governance task in Hebei Province is the most onerous, and requires more investment than the other two cities. Thus, it requires the support from other two cities, with the amount of increased capital required of about 600 million Yuan. At the same time, the cost saved after optimization in Tianjin is calculated to be the largest, which thus can be adjusted appropriately and allocated to Hebei for the governance of bulk coal. The model constructed in this paper can not only be used to solve the issues related to bulk coal consumption in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, but also to carry out the effective distribution of capital, by which a win-win scenario among the three places can be achieved.  相似文献   

基于卫星遥感数据的森林病虫害监测与评价     

王涵  赵文武  刘月  刘焱序 《地理研究》2019,74(4):831-843

森林病虫害由于在森林资源中造成的重大破坏而被人们称为“不冒烟的火灾”,其对生态系统的研究具有重要意义。现有基于遥感数据的病虫害研究多集中在森林病虫害的监测、爆发原因以及发病区域内生产力的变化情况,而对于森林病虫害发生后森林中植被指数与叶面积指数之间的相关性的变化情况还相对较少,处于需要持续性深入探讨的阶段。以加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚地区2002—2012年森林病虫害数据为基础,分析不同严重程度的病虫害对叶面积指数（LAI）与归一化植被指数（NDVI）和增强型植被指数（EVI）的影响。结果表明：① 受病虫害感染的像元在轻度（Light）、中度（Moderate）和重度（Severe）三个严重级别中,NDVI与LAI之间的相关性由弱变强,又由强变弱;② EVI与LAI之间的相关性,在轻度（Light）、中度（Moderate）和重度（Severe）三个严重级别的像元中则依次变强。这一研究将为今后利用遥感数据识别病虫害、评价生态系统影响提供基础。  相似文献   

Analog simulation of urban construction land supply and demand in Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration based on land intensive use     

Xiong  Ying  Chen  Yun  Peng  Fen  Li  Jingzhi  Yan  Xiaojing 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(8):1346-1362

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Urban land intensive use is an important indicator in harmonizing the relationship between land supply and demand. The system dynamics (SD) can be used to...  相似文献   

车辆碾压作用下戈壁地表起尘浓度   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孟小楠  严平  王振亭  董苗  王勇 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):80-87

通过野外观测车辆碾压作用下戈壁地表PM₁₀释放浓度，探讨其主要影响因素。针对戈壁区砾石、砂砾、砂质和砂土4种路面类型，应用TSI粉尘仪多次重复观测车辆碾压产生的PM₁₀浓度，进而阐明碾压次数、车速和地表水分等因素对起尘浓度的影响。结果表明：4种路面的平均起尘浓度依次为5.339、9.089、16.944、50.251 mg·m^-3，是自然状态下的5~50倍；起尘浓度随碾压次数增多而增大，其中砂土路情况下的增长最显著；随土层厚度的增大呈现出幂函数的增长趋势；降雨后路面起尘浓度显著减小，且降雨量会影响降雨后起尘浓度的变化趋势。最后提出了针对性的建议和措施以减弱车辆碾压导致的戈壁地表起尘。  相似文献   

大气污染物排放量与颗粒物环境空气质量的空间非协同耦合研究——以武汉市为例     

张金亭  赵玉丹  田扬戈  何青青  庄艳华  彭韵羲  洪松 《地理科学进展》2019,38(4):612-624

针对区域大气污染物排放量与空气质量在时空分布上存在不完全协同、匹配的现象,论文选择SO₂、NO_X、PM_2.5、CO和VOCs作为大气污染物指标,选择气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD)表征颗粒物环境空气质量,以武汉市为例,综合应用耦合模型和空间错位指数模型研究2类指标之间的空间非协同耦合规律。主要结论如下：① 武汉市大气污染物排放量与颗粒物空气质量具有不同空间分布特征,大气污染物排放量呈现由城市中心城区向远城区递减的趋势,其中SO₂、PM_2.5和VOCs的排放具有明显的中心聚集现象,而NO_X和CO聚集现象不显著,且与道路分布明显相关;AOD分布具有明显的空间差异性,总体上呈由西北向东南依次递减的趋势。② 武汉市大气污染物排放与颗粒物空气质量的空间非协同耦合规律：越靠近城市中心城区,空间协同耦合现象越显著,空间错位现象越弱;越远离主城区,空间非协同耦合现象越显著,空间错位现象越显著;SO₂排放量与AOD在武汉市远城区的空间错位指数均大于0.7,且耦合度指数小于0.3,呈现较强的非协同耦合特征,NO_X、VOCs、PM_2.5的排放量与AOD在武汉中心城区的空间错位指数均小于0.5,且耦合度指数大于0.5,协同耦合现象较为显著。③ 基于时空非协同耦合分析城市大气环境污染治理建议：针对污染物与AOD空间错位不显著的城市中心城区,以本地减排治理为主;针对污染物与AOD空间错位显著的远城区,应在污染溯源分析的基础上进行区域协调综合治理。  相似文献   

Base cation concentrations in forest litter and topsoil have different responses to climate and tree species along elevational gradients   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XUE Feng  ZHAO Ming-fei  WANG Yu-hang  KANG Mu-yi  XING Kai-xiong  WANG Guo-yi  SHI Jing-jing  CHEN Chen  JIANG Yuan 《山地科学学报》2019,(1)

The forest litter is an essential reservoir of nutrients in forests, supplying a large part of absorbable base cations(BC) to topsoil, and facilitating plant growth within litter-soil system. To characterize elevational patterns of base cation concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil, and explore the effects of climate and tree species, we measured microclimate and collected the forest litter and topsoil(0-10 cm) samples across an elevational range of more than 2000 m(1243 ～ 3316 m a.s.l.),and analyzed the concentrations of BC in laboratory. Results showed that: 1) litter Ca concentration displayed a hump-shaped pattern along the elevational gradients, but litter K and Mg showed saddle-shaped patterns. Soil Ca concentration increased with elevation, while soil K and Mg had no significant changes. 2) Ca concentration in the forest litter under aspen(Populus davidiana) was significantly higher than that in all other species, but in topsoil, Ca concentration was higher under coniferous larch and fir(Larix chinensis and Abies fargesii). Litter K and Mg concentrations was higher under coniferous larch and fir, whereas there were nosignificant differences among tree species in the concentrations of K and Mg in topsoil. 3) Climatic factors including mean annual temperature(MAT), growing season precipitation(GSP) and non-growing season precipitation(NGSP) determined BC concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil. Soil C/N and C/P also influenced BC cycling between litter and soil. Observation along elevations within different tree species implies that above-ground tree species can redistribute below-ground cations, and this process is profoundly impacted by climate. Litter and soil Ca, K and Mg with different responses to environmental variables depend on their soluble capacity and mobile ability.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the integrated multi-satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement over the Tibetan Plateau     

MA Lu  ZHAO Lin  TIAN Li-ming  YUAN Li-ming  XIAO Yao  ZHANG Le-le  ZOU De-fu  QIAO Yong-ping 《山地科学学报》2019,(7)

The availability of high-resolution satellite precipitation measurement products provides an opportunity to monitor precipitation over large and complex terrain and thus accurately evaluate the climatic, hydrological and ecological conditions in those regions. The Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM) mission is an important new program designed for global satellite precipitation estimation, but little information has been reported on the applicability of the GPM’s products for the Tibetan Plateau(TP). The object of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM(IMERG) Final Run product under different terrain and climate conditions over the TP by using 78 ground gauges from April 2014 to December 2017. The results showed the following:(1) the 3-year average daily precipitation estimation in the IMERG agrees well with the rain gauge observations(R~2=0.58, P0.01), and IMERG also has a considerable ability to detect precipitation, as indicated by a high probability of detection(78%-98%) and critical success index(65%-85%);(2) IMERG performed better at altitudes from 3000 m to 4000 m with a small relative bias(RB) of 6.4%. Precipitation change was not significantly affected by local relief;(3) the climate system of the TP was divided into four climate groups with a total of 12 climate types based on the K?ppen climate classification system, and IMERG performed well in all climate types with the exception of the arid-desert-cold climate(Bwk) type. Furthermore, although IMERG showed the potential to detect snowfall, it still exhibits deficiencies in identifying light and moderate snow. These results indicate that IMERG could provide more accurate precipitation data if its retrieval algorithm was improved for complex terrain and arid regions.  相似文献